The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is a statutory organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India. It was established under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
CPCB’s main responsibility is to prevent, control, and reduce pollution across the country while maintaining environmental quality standards.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB): FAQs Explained in Detail
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) plays a crucial role in controlling pollution and protecting the environment in India. Many individuals, industries, startups, and consultants often have questions about CPCB rules, approvals, registrations, and compliance requirements.
This FAQs-based guide answers the most commonly asked questions about CPCB simply and practically.
What are the main functions of CPCB?
CPCB performs several important functions, including:
- Laying down national pollution control standards
- Monitoring air, water, and noise pollution
- Advising the Central Government on environmental policies
- Coordinating activities of State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)
- Enforcing environmental laws and compliance
- Managing national environmental databases
Who needs CPCB approval or registration?
CPCB approval or registration is generally required for:
- Manufacturing industries
- E-waste recyclers and producers
- Plastic waste producers, importers, and brand owners
- Battery manufacturers and recyclers
- Hazardous waste handlers
- Biomedical waste treatment facilities
- Industries requiring Consent to Establish (CTE) or Consent to Operate (CTO)
What is CPCB Consent to Establish (CTE)?
Consent to Establish (CTE) is a mandatory approval obtained before setting up any industrial unit or project that may cause pollution.
It ensures that:
- The proposed location is suitable
- Pollution control measures are planned
- Environmental norms are followed from the beginning
What is CPCB Consent to Operate (CTO)?
Consent to Operate (CTO) is required after the industry is set up and before starting operations.
CTO confirms that:
- Pollution control equipment is installed
- Emissions and effluents are within permissible limits
- The unit complies with environmental regulations
Is CPCB registration mandatory for online businesses or startups?
Yes, CPCB registration may be mandatory for online businesses involved in:
- Selling electronics (EPR for e-waste)
- Selling plastic-packaged products (Plastic Waste Management)
- Importing batteries or electronic goods
Even startups and e-commerce sellers may require CPCB registration under Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).
What is EPR registration under CPCB?
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a framework where producers are responsible for the collection, recycling, or disposal of waste generated from their products.
EPR registration is required for:
- E-waste producers
- Plastic packaging producers
- Battery manufacturers and importers
- Brand owners
How can I apply for CPCB registration online?
You can apply through CPCB’s official online portals such as:
- Centralized EPR Portal
- PARIVESH Portal
- CPCB Online Services Portal
The application process generally includes:
- Online form submission
- Uploading documents
- Fee payment
- Scrutiny and approval
What documents are required for CPCB approval?
Common documents include:
- Company incorporation certificate
- PAN and GST details
- Manufacturing process flow chart
- Pollution control equipment details
- Site layout plan
- Authorization letters
- Environmental management plan
Document requirements may vary based on the type of registration.
How long does CPCB approval take?
The approval timeline typically ranges from:
- 15–30 days for standard registrations
- 30–60 days for complex or high-risk industries
Delays can occur due to incomplete documents or compliance issues.
What are CPCB pollution standards?
CPCB sets national standards for:
- Air emissions
- Water effluent discharge
- Noise pollution
- Hazardous waste handling
Industries must operate within these limits to avoid penalties or closure notices.
What happens if CPCB norms are violated?
Violations may lead to:
- Monetary penalties
- Suspension of operations
- Closure notices
- Legal action under environmental laws
- Cancellation of consent or registration
Non-compliance can seriously impact business operations.
What is the difference between CPCB and SPCB?
| CPCB | SPCB |
|---|---|
| Central authority | State-level authority |
| Sets national standards | Implements standards locally |
| Advises central government | Grants state-specific approvals |
| Coordinates SPCBs | Monitors industries within the state |
Both work together to enforce environmental laws.
Does CPCB issue Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificates?
No. PUC certificates for vehicles are issued by authorized testing centers under state transport departments, not directly by CPCB. However, CPCB sets emission standards for vehicles.
How does CPCB monitor air quality in India?
CPCB operates:
- National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)
- Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS)
It provides real-time Air Quality Index (AQI) data for major cities.
Can CPCB shut down industries?
Yes. CPCB has the authority to:
- Order closure of non-compliant units
- Disconnect water and power supply
- Recommend legal action
This power is exercised to protect public health and the environment.
Is CPCB approval transferable?
CPCB ensures:
- Cleaner air and water
- Safer industrial practices
- Sustainable development
- Protection of public health
- Compliance with international environmental commitments
Its role is vital for balancing development with environmental safety.
Final Thoughts on CPCB
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is the backbone of India’s environmental governance system. Whether you are an entrepreneur, industrialist, consultant, or citizen, understanding CPCB rules and compliance is essential to avoid legal issues and contribute to sustainable development.
If you plan to start or operate a business with environmental impact, timely CPCB registration and compliance is not optional—it’s mandatory.